Wake Record Stack: Census to Substitutes
Full free-first record order.
The Wake County record stack for most families: (1) home sources & DNA clusters; (2) census every decade; (3) land + probate in the correct jurisdiction; (4) church/cemetery/newspaper; (5) vitals (late statewide; earlier local); (6) military & institutional series.
Use the availability matrix on the county hub to plan free repositories first—State Archives of North Carolina, FamilySearch catalog, DigitalNC, local libraries—before paid database hops.
When courthouse series are thin, substitutes carry the day: tax lists, militia, newspapers, church books, neighboring counties, and federal series. Burned-county logic applies even when the courthouse still stands if your surname simply is not in the first index you tried.
Capital/state records vs county courthouse vs city directories; Research Triangle in-migration after ~1950s
Keep a research log with negative searches. “Not in Wake deeds 1840–1860” is progress only if you also tested the parent decade and at least one neighbor.